AP Human Geography

POPULATION STATISTICS FOR CHINA AND INDIA, 2018 Country Total Population (billions) Birth Rate (per 1,000 population) Death Rate (per 1,000 population) Rate of Natural Increase Total Fertility Rate China 1.393 12 7 0.5% 1.8 India 1.373 20 6 1.4% 2.3 Source: Population Reference Bureau In 2018 China had the world’s largest population and India had the second largest population. A. Identify the TWO types of data shown in the table that are used to calculate the rate of natural increase. B. Describe what the total fertility rate represents. C. Using India's rate of natural increase shown in the table, describe how to calculate the doubling time of India's population. D. Using the data shown in the table, describe the ability of China's population to replace itself over time. E. Explain how China's population statistics are unusual for a country with an economy that is still in the process of industrializing.  The two types of data that are used in t...

1.) Explain the contribution of expanding exports to the world food supply. Using figure 9-51, describe the impact of globalization on agricultural exports. What dilemma exists in developing countries who participate in growing export crops?  Exporting countries benefit from the revenues, and importing countries meet the food needs of their people. Seen is figure 9-51 the food exports in trillion dollars has increased rapidly. The dilemma that exists in developing countries is the more land that is devoted to growing export crops, the less land there is to grow crops for domestic consumption. Rather than help to increase productivity, the funds generated through the sale of export crops may be needed to feed the people who switched from subsistence farming to growing export crops.  2.) The global food chain has been rocked by the Covid-19 Pandemic but its not for lack of food. Read the article " Covid-19 could threaten global food supply "  and describe how the virus...

1.) List the 7 challenges for agriculture as described in the readings. -losing agricultural land to competing users  -improving the productivity of existing farmland -conserving scarce resources, such as water and top soil -identifying the appropriate role in agriculture for biotechnology -balancing production of food for international trade rather than for consumption at home -meeting the needs of people who are undernourished -making greater use of organic farming  2.) Define Prime Agricultural Land and describe the challenges that farmland is facing in an ever urbanizing world. Prime agricultural land is the most productive farmland. The challenges that farmland is facing in an urbanizing world is the farmland is now being replaced by urban land uses. For example, Baltimore and Washington DC are continuously being built up and they are building on the agricultural land. If they keep building on this land there will be no more agricultural land. 3.) Mar...

1. Correctly label and describe the "rings" of the Von Thunen model as shown in the image above. inside to outside-city, horticulture and dairying, forestry, crop rotation, enclosed field, three field, grazing  the first ring is perishable items from market-oriented gardens and milk producers. the second ring contained wood that was used for construction and fuel. the third ring was used for various crops and pasture. the last or fourth ring was devoted to animal grazing.  2. Transportation in the the von Thunen Model- The Influence of transportation cost on the profitability of growing wheat, according to Von Thunen. *Gross profit from the sale of wheat grown on 1 hectacre of land not including transportation costs: a. Wheat can be sold for $250 per metric ton. b. Yield per hectacre of wheat is 4 tons. c. Gross profit is $1,000 per hectacre ($250 x 4 tons) *Net profit from sale of wheat grown on 1 hectacre of land including transportation costs: a. Cost of ...

1.) Describe the basic principles of several forms of crop based commercial agriculture.  What is the idea of "agribusiness" and how does this idea contribute to agriculture in the developed world?  Agribusiness is the system of commercial farming found in developed countries because farming is integrated into a large food-production industry.  2.) Identify and describe the 6 forms of commercial agriculture in the developed world.  Grain farming- is heavily mechanized, conducted on large farms, and oriented to consumer preferences. these farms are also generally located in regions that are too dry for mixed crop and livestock agriculture Mediterranean Agriculture- this type of agriculture exists primarily on the lands that border the Mediterranean Sea in Southern Europe, North Africa and western Asia. Every Mediterranean area borders a sea. Prevailing sea winds provide moisture and moderate winter temperatures which is good for the agriculture here. Most ...

1.) Discuss the relationship between agriculture and climate. Using figure 9-13 Agricultural Regions of the World Map, discuss the differences in agriculture between the developed and developing countries of the world. Using the United States as an example, discuss how climate dictates which type of agriculture is used in certain areas.  A warm, mid-latitude climate deals mostly with rice and a cool, mid-latitude climate does not deal with rice even though they are both mid-latitude. In developed countries there is more livestock and in developing countries there is more rice. In the west where it is dry is most of the livestock ranching.  2.) Identify and define the five agriculture regions that are predominate in developing countries.  intensive subsistence, wet rice dominant- the large population concentrations of East Asia and South Asia. intensive subsistence, crops other than rice dominant- the large population concentrations of East Asia and South Asia whe...

1.) Explain the differences between developed and developing countries regarding food consumption. People in developed countries tend to consume more food and from different sources than people in developing countries. Define the BIG THREE cereal grains and characterize their consumption around the world using figure 9-6. Wheat is the principal cereal grain consumed in developed nations. Rice is the principal cereal grains in the developing regions. Maize is the leading crop in the world.  Using figures 9-7 and 9-8, explain the connection between development and diet energy consumption. Developed nations consume more calories per day than developing countries.   What parts of the world consume the most calories per day? US and Europe What parts of the world consume the least? Africa Track how many calories you consume today (think about a normal day for you). 3700 What part(s) of the world matches up with the amount of calories that you consumed? US, parts of...

1.) Explain the origins of Agriculture. What is it? Where did it begin? List the defined 6 Agricultural Hearths of the world and identify what was cultivated in those areas.  Agriculture is deliberate modification of Earth's surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain. They are not sure where agriculture originated. Southwest Asia- barley, wheat, lentil and olive. East Asia- rice. Central and South Asia- chickens. Sub- Saharan Africa- yam, rice, millet, and sorghum. Latin America- beans, cotton, corn, and potato . 2.) Describe the principal differences between subsistence agriculture and commercial agriculture. What does the percentage of farmers in a country's labor force tell us about development? Use countries from figure 9-3 to help build your answer. How does development and technology play a role in the changing scale of agriculture? Use countries from figure 9-4 to help build your answer.  Subsistence agric...

1.) Describe the backgrounds and the functions of the principal military and economic alliances in Europe (NATO, WARSAW PACT, EU). NATO is a military alliance among 16 democratic states, including the United States and Canada plus 14 European states. The principal object was to prevent the Soviet Union from overrunning West Germany. The Warsaw Pact was a military agreement among the Communist Eastern European countries. The Warsaw Pact disbanded in 1991 following the end of Communism in Eastern Europe. The pact provided the Soviet Union with a buffer of allied states between it and Germany to discourage a third German invasion of the Soviet Union. The EU formed in 1958 with six members. The EU was designed to heal scars for WWII. 2.) Explain the concept of terrorism and detail the timeline of terror attacks in the United States as cited in the textbook. Do some outside research to see if any other attacks since 2015 have been classified as "terror attacks". Terrorism...

1.) Identify the founders of Communism. Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin 2.) Detail the differences between capitalism, socialism, and communism.  In capitalism you have private property and private ownership of land. In socialism production, distribution, and exchange should be regulated by the community. In communism all property is publicly owned and you get paid based of your abilities and needs.  3.) Describe Vladimir Lenin's impact on the evolution of communism. He made Karl Marx ideas more concrete and he came up with the Vanguard party. Lenin enforced the ideas that Marx came up with. The Vanguard party's job is to guide society and take society from capitalism through socialism to communism. Marx had the idea of a Utopian society and Lenin was trying to lead the people there. He thought by having one dominant system of government acting for the people that he could get everyone to a communist state.  1.) Identify the major contributors to the Col...