Competition and Cooperation in Europe

1.) Describe the backgrounds and the functions of the principal military and economic alliances in Europe (NATO, WARSAW PACT, EU).
NATO is a military alliance among 16 democratic states, including the United States and Canada plus 14 European states. The principal object was to prevent the Soviet Union from overrunning West Germany. The Warsaw Pact was a military agreement among the Communist Eastern European countries. The Warsaw Pact disbanded in 1991 following the end of Communism in Eastern Europe. The pact provided the Soviet Union with a buffer of allied states between it and Germany to discourage a third German invasion of the Soviet Union. The EU formed in 1958 with six members. The EU was designed to heal scars for WWII.

2.) Explain the concept of terrorism and detail the timeline of terror attacks in the United States as cited in the textbook. Do some outside research to see if any other attacks since 2015 have been classified as "terror attacks".
Terrorism is the systematic use of violence by a group calculated to create an atmosphere of fear and alarm among a population or to coerce a government into actions it would not otherwise undertake or refrain from actions it wants to take.
  • December 21, 1988- a terrorist bomb destroyed Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland killing 270 people
  • February 26, 1993- a car bomb parked in the underground garage damaged New York's World Trade Center killing six and injuring over 1000
  • April 19, 1996- a car bomb killing 168 people in the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City
  • June 25, 1996- a truck bomb blew up an apartment complex in Saudi Arabia killing 19 US soldiers and injuring over 100 people
  • August 7, 1998- US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were bombed killing 190 and wounding around 5000
  • October 12, 2000- the USS Cole was bombed while in the port of Aden, Yemen killing 17 US personnel
  • April 15, 2013- two bombs were detonated near the finish line of the Boston Marathon killing 3 and injuring more than 180
  • April 2, 2014- 4 people were killed and 14 injured in an attack on the military base at Fort Hood, Texas
  • July 16, 2015- 5 US military personnel were killed in an attack on two installations in Chattanooga, Tennessee
  • December 2, 2015- a mass shooting at the Inland Regional Center in San Bernardino, California, killed 14 and injured 21



3.) Describe the background to the major terrorist organizations (Al Qaeda, Islamic State, Boko Haram). Provide maps to show where the groups operate out of. 
Al Qaeda was founded in 1990 by Osama Bin Laden to unite several groups of fighters in Afghanistan, as well as his supporters elsewhere in Southwest Asia. Islamic state originated in 1999 and became an affiliate of al-Qaeda. Boko Haram was founded in 2002 in northeastern Nigeria. It seeks to transform Nigeria into an Islamic state.
Analysis: ISIS hasn't been defeated | FDD's Long War Journal
4.) Describe the concept of "State Support for Terrorism". What recent events and actions in Iran have occurred as a result of their "support" for terrorist organizations?
Several states in Southwest Asia have provided support for terrorism in recent years. They have provided sanctuary for terrorists wanted by other countries, supplying weapons, money, and intelligence to terrorists; and planning attacks using terrorists. 
Countries have opposed Iran's aggressive development of a nuclear program. 

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