introduction to language

The first learning objective was to identify the 10 most popular languages spoken in the world.

  • Chinese
  • Spanish
  • English
  • Hindi
  • Arabic
  • Bengali
  • Portuguese
  • Russian
  • Japanese
  • Lahnda

The second learning objective was introduction to world languages.
-family
-branch     > Hearth, origin, diffusion, etc.
-group     

1.) Discuss the various ways that languages are classified (institutional, official, developing, vigorous).
 Languages are classified as either institutional, official, developing, or vigorous. Institutional means the language is used in education, work, mass media, and government. Official languages are used by the government for reports, laws, and public objects like road signs, money, and stamps. Developing languages are spoken in daily use by people of all ages, from children to elderly individuals. These languages also have a literary tradition, though literature in the language may not be widely distributed. Vigorous languages are spoken in daily use by people of all ages, but it lacks literary tradition.
2.) Explain how languages are organized.
  Languages are organized into language families, language branches, and language groups. A language family is a collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long before recorded history. A language branch is a collection of languages within a family related through a common ancestral language that existed several thousand years ago; differences are not as extensive or as old as between language families. Language groups are a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display many similarities in grammar and vocabulary. 
3.) Based on figure 5-3 (Language Family Trees) which four other languages with at least 5 million speakers belong to the same language family, branch, and group as English?
The four languages with at least 5 million speakers that belongs to the same language family, branch, and group as English are German, Dutch, Barivian, and Afrikaans.
4.) Identify the distribution of the two largest language families. Which regions account for these two language families? 
Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan and the 2 regions are Asia and Europe 
5.) Sino-Tibetan is the second most widely used language family, but it appears to encompass a smaller land area than several other language families. Why do you think this is the case?
I think this is the case because the Sino-Tibetan language family is used in China, which is the most populous state, so therefore, many people use those languages.
6.) Using figure 5-7, detail the branches of the Indo-European Language family.

The branches of the Indo-European family have many languages, mostly used in Europe. The languages in figure 5-7 are Albanian, Armenian, Balto-Slavic, Celtic, Germanic, Greek, Indo-Iranian, and Romance, and all across Europe, Russia, and the Middle East, these languages are used.

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