Why does ethnic cleansing and genocide occur?

Ethnic cleansing is a purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means. Rivalries among ethnicities resurfaced in Yugoslavia. Because the ethnicity distribution did not match up well with the boundaries of the new countries the breakup of Yugoslavia was not done peacefully.
Image result for former yugoslavia
https://www.icty.org/en/about/what-former-yugoslavia














Ethnic cleansing in Bosnia and Herzegovina included murder, torture, arbitrary arrest and detention, extra-judical executions, rape and sexual assaults. All of this happened because Bosnia and Herzegovina was ethnically diverse. The Serbs and Croats were fighting to see who would unite the portions of the republic that they inhabited. 

Balkanized is defined as a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into stable countries because it was inhabited by many ethicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other. Balkanization is defined as the process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities. Kosovo and Croatia were not mentioned as being cleansed. 

Genocide is the mass killing of a group of people in attempt to eliminate the entire group from existence. In Sudan there have been many civil wars which resulted in genocide and ethnic cleansing.Ethnic diversity is at the heart of Sudan's conflicts. The conflict in Rwanda was between the Hutus (farmers) and the Tutsis (cattle herders). When Rwanda became an independent country Hutus gained power and undertook ethnic cleansing and genocide against the Tutsis. 
Historical region of Darfur
https://www.britannica.com/place/Sudan/Conflict-in-Darfur
RwandaMap
https://www.globalblackhistory.com/2014/10/the-untold-story-of-the-rwanda-genocide-new-bbc-documentary.html
 

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