Von Thunen

1. Correctly label and describe the "rings" of the Von Thunen model as shown in the image above.
inside to outside-city, horticulture and dairying, forestry, crop rotation, enclosed field, three field, grazing 
the first ring is perishable items from market-oriented gardens and milk producers. the second ring contained wood that was used for construction and fuel. the third ring was used for various crops and pasture. the last or fourth ring was devoted to animal grazing. 
2. Transportation in the the von Thunen Model- The Influence of transportation cost on the profitability of growing wheat, according to Von Thunen.
*Gross profit from the sale of wheat grown on 1 hectacre of land not including transportation costs:
a. Wheat can be sold for $250 per metric ton.
b. Yield per hectacre of wheat is 4 tons.
c. Gross profit is $1,000 per hectacre ($250 x 4 tons)
*Net profit from sale of wheat grown on 1 hectacre of land including transportation costs:
a. Cost of transporting 4 tons of wheat to market is $0.10 per kilometer.
b. Net profit from the sale of 4 tons of wheat grown on a farm located 1,000 kilometers from the market is $900 ($1,000 gross profit -$100 for 1,000 kilometers of transportation costs).
c. Net profit from sale of 1,000 kilograms of wheat grown on a farm located 10,000 kilometers from the market is $0 ($1,000 gross profit- $1,000 for 10,000 kilometers of transportation cost). 
If the price of wheat dropped to $200 per ton, what would the maximum total distance that the wheat could be shipped to ensure at least a $500 profit?
3,000 kilometers
3. There are many modern criticisms of the von Thunen approach to agricultural land organization. First, as his book The Isolated State indicates, the economies and peoples of most 19th century countries were soley dependent on localized production of goods. Most people spent their entire lives inside of 5-10 miles of where they were born. Second, technologies of the times limited transportation of goods and people across large distances and physical geographic barriers. Take some time to reflect on the Von Thunen model as it applies to the modern world. How has modern transportation technology changed some of the original factors that played a role in the development of Von Thunen's concentric zone theory? How has globalization changed the nature of the Isolated State? Transportation has increased greatly so more people have ways of transportation which makes it easier to get the crops from place to place. People also rely on other places for food not just local places. Now people have easier access to goods from far away and they have an easier way to get there. Globalization has changed the nature of the isolated state because most states are no longer isolated. They import and export goods to and from other states or countries to allow their citizens to get what they need/ want. 

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